izindaba

1 . Isimo sezwe lamiimboni ye-diatomiteKusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960, ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-60 yentuthuko, izwe lami selakhe uchungechunge lwezimboni lwe-diatomite olusesibili ngemva kwe-United States. Njengamanje, kunezisekelo ezintathu zokukhiqiza eJilin, Zhejiang naseYunnan. Imakethe ye-diatomite ngokuyinhloko iyizinto zokuhlunga nezinto zokufakwa ngaphakathi. Mayelana nesakhiwo somkhiqizo, i-Jilin ithatha ukukhiqizwa kwezinsiza zokuhlunga njengemikhiqizo yayo ehamba phambili, i-Zhejiang ithatha ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zokufaka ukushisa okushisayo njengemikhiqizo yayo ehamba phambili, futhi i-Yunnan ithatha ukukhiqizwa kwezinsiza zokuhlunga ezisezingeni eliphansi, izinto zokushisa ezishisayo, izigcwalisi kanye nezinto zodonga ezinesisindo esincane njengemikhiqizo yayo ehamba phambili. Ngokombono wokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya, ukukhiqizwa kwe-diatomite yezwe lami kuye kwanda unyaka nonyaka eminyakeni yamuva. Kusukela ngo-2019, ukuphuma kwe-diatomite yezwe lami bekungamathani angama-420,000, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-1.2%. I-Diatomite isetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi efana nezinsiza zokuhlunga, izinto zokufakelwa ezishisayo, ukwakhiwa, ukwenza amaphepha, ama-fillers, ama-catalysts, ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi, udaka lwe-diatom, umuthi nokunye. Inamathemba okusebenza abanzi, kodwa ezinye izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza azikakathuthukiswa futhi zisetshenziswe ngezinga elikhulu.

2. Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-diatomite ezweni lami

(1) Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza ze-Jilin diatomite kwaqala ngawo-1950, futhi yayisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukugcinwa kokushisa nezinto eziphikisayo ezinsukwini zokuqala; ukuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwezinsiza zokuhlunga kanye nama-catalysts kwaqala ngawo-1970; imikhiqizo yokufaka i-calcium silicate eyi-microporous yathuthukiswa ngeminyaka yawo-1980, futhi Yenza ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zezolimo. Kusukela ngawo-1990, i-diatomite ibe uhlobo olusha lwezinto ezithinta imvelo, futhi isidingo semakethe siye saqhubeka sikhula, siheha inani elikhulu lamayunithi ocwaningo lwesayensi kanye namabhizinisi ukwenza ucwaningo olujulile nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, futhi umkhuba wokugxila embonini ye-diatomite uye wavela kancane kancane. Kunamapaki amabili e-diatomite asezingeni lesifundazwe, okuyi-Linjiang Diatomite Industrial Concentration Zone kanye ne-Badaogou Diatomite Characteristic Industrial Park e-Changbai County. Njengamanje, uJilin Baishan uqale wakha uhlelo lomkhiqizo we-diatomite olunezinto zokuhlunga, izihlungi ezisebenzayo, izinto zokwakha zemvelo, nezinto zokuthwala njengemikhiqizo eyinhloko. Phakathi kwazo, izinsiza zokuhlunga, umkhiqizo ohamba phambili wezinto zokuhlunga, zibalwa ngaphezu kwe-90% yesabelo semakethe kazwelonke; izihlungi ezisebenzayo, njengama-ejenti aqinisa irabha, izithasiselo zepulasitiki, izithasiselo zephepha, izigcwalisi zamaphepha ezingasindi, izithasiselo zokuphakelayo, ama-matting agents, izimonyo nezihlungi zokuxubha amazinyo, njll. Okukhiphayo kudlula amathani angama-50,000; izinto zokwakha zemvelo, njengama-diatom inhlabathi ama-slabs, amathayili aphansi, upende, iphepha lodonga, amathayili e-ceramic, njll., akhiqizwa ngezinga elikhulu futhi abe namathemba amahle okuthuthukiswa; izinto zokuthwala, njengabathwali be-catalyst, abathwali be-nano titanium dioxide, umanyolo nabathwali bezinambuzane, njll., Inezici zokukhululwa kancane, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, nokungaqini kwenhlabathi, futhi inethemba elibanzi lemakethe.

(2) I-Yunnan inamabhizinisi amaningi akhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlobene ne-diatomite, kodwa okwamanje kunamabhizinisi ambalwa avamile. Izimayini ze-Diatomite e-Tengchong empeleni izimayini ezincane zemigodi evulekile ezenziwa abalimi. Ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo zikahulumeni wasekhaya, amabhizinisi e-diatomite ajulile e-Tengchong amile, futhi empeleni akukho ukuphuma komkhiqizo kumabhizinisi ase-Tengchong noma e-Baishan ozocutshungulwa. Imikhiqizo eyinhloko yamabhizinisi omhlaba we-diatomaceous e-Xundian County yaseYunnan ihlanganisa umhlaba osebenzisa umgwaqo we-diatomaceous, izinsiza zokuhlunga, izinto zokushisa ezishisayo, abathwali bezinambuzane, ama-rubber reinforcing agents, njll. Phakathi kwabo, abathwali be-pesticide kanye nama-ejenti okuhlanza indle asetshenziswa ngenani elincane, futhi akukho mboni enkulu eyenziwe. Ihlanganiswe nezinqubomgomo zendawo zokuvikela imvelo, i-diatomite ka-Yunnan inemikhiqizo engavamile kuphela.

(3) Ngenxa yezinqubomgomo zendawo zokuvikela imvelo e-Zhejiang, amabhizinisi e-diatomite aye ahlanganiswa, iningi lawo avaliwe, futhi imigqa yokukhiqiza ihlakaziwe. Njengamanje kunamabhizinisi amane kuphela e-diatomite e-Shengzhou. Izinsiza ze-diatomite ze-Zhejiang zisezingeni eliphansi futhi zingasetshenziswa kuphela kumabhodi okufakwa ngaphakathi, izitini eziphikisayo, njll., futhi azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yosizo lokuhlunga. Amabhizinisi e-Shengzhou, e-Zhejiang, akhiqiza i-Baishan diatomite yezinsiza zokuhlunga, ngokukhiqizwa kwaminyaka yonke kwamathani angu-10,000 kuya kwangu-20,000, futhi wonke ayizimakethe ezihlakazekile ezingenziwa yizinkampani zasendaweni ze-Baishan. Okusele kukhiqiza ama-filler, amabhodi okufakwa ngaphakathi kanye nezitini eziphikisayo nezifakwayo.

(4) I-Diatomite e-Inner Mongolia ingeka“Jiwo mine”, futhi izimo zezimayini zimbi. I-diatomite eluhlaza engenziwa imayini ngokuyisisekelo i-algae eqondile noma i-tubular algae, enekhwalithi ephansi nokusebenza komkhiqizo okungazinzile. Inqunyelwe kumapuleti namanye ama-catalysts. Umkhiqizo, isabelo semakethe sincane kakhulu.

3 .Isakhiwo sokusetshenziswa kwe-diatomite yaseShayina Imikhiqizo yezwe lami ye-diatomite isetshenziswa kakhulu ekhaya, kanti inani elincane lisetshenziselwa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. izwe lami lingenisa inani elincane le-diatomite enenani eliphakeme minyaka yonke. Ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60 yentuthuko, manje isingakwazi ukukhiqiza izinto zokuhlunga, izinto zokufaka ezishisayo, izigcwalisi ezisebenzayo, izinto zokwakha, izithwali ze-catalyst kanye nezinto ezixutshwe usimende neminye imikhiqizo, esetshenziselwa ukudla, imithi, amakhemikhali, izinto zokwakha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, i-petroleum, i-metallurgy, i-papermaking, i-raber, Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-500 zemikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi embonini yezilwane, imboni yokukhiqiza izilwane ukuhlanzwa kwe-adsorption, izigcwalisi ezisebenzayo, nokuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi. Izisekelo ezintathu ezinkulu ze-diatomite eJilin, Zhejiang naseYunnan sezisunguliwe.

Izinsiza ze-Diatomite ezweni lami zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izinto zokuhlunga kanye nezinto zokufakelwa. Phakathi kwazo, usizo lokuhlunga luwukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kanye nomkhiqizo ojwayelekile we-diatomite. Ukukhishwa kosizo lokuhlunga ngokuvamile kubala u-65% wesamba sokuthengiswa kwe-diatomite; ama-fillers nama-abrasives abangela cishe u-13% wesamba sokukhishwa kwe-diatomite, futhi i-adsorption kanye nezinto zokuhlanza zimayelana Ibalelwa ku-16% wesamba somkhiqizo, ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlabathi kanye nomanyolo kubalwa cishe u-5% wesamba esiphumayo, kanti ezinye cishe zi-1%.

Ngokuvamile, ukukhishwa kwe-diatomite ezweni lami kukhombisa ukuthambekela okunyukayo okuzinzile, ikakhulukazi okubandakanya imikhiqizo ye-flux-calcined, imikhiqizo ye-calcined esezingeni eliphansi, imikhiqizo engafakwanga, kanye ne-granulation engafakiwe. Ngokuthuthuka komnotho wezwe lami kanye nenqubo yokufudukela emadolobheni, isidingo sezwe lami sezinsiza ze-diatomite siyakhula. Kusukela ngo-1994 kuya ku-2019, ukusetshenziswa kwezwe lami kwe-diatomite kukhuphuke unyaka nonyaka.